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| ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2016 | Volume
: 18
| Issue : 82 | Page : 117--132 |
Moderators of noise-induced cognitive change in healthy adults
Bernice AL Wright1, Emmanuelle R Peters1, Ulrich Ettinger2, Elizabeth Kuipers3, Veena Kumari3
1 Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN) King's College London, London, UK
2 Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
3 Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN) King's College London; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
Correspondence Address:
Bernice AL Wright
Department of Psychology (P077), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/1463-1741.181995
Environmental noise causes cognitive impairment, particularly in executive function and episodic memory domains, in healthy populations. However, the possible moderating influences on this relationship are less clear. This study assessed 54 healthy participants (24 men) on a cognitive battery (measuring psychomotor speed, attention, executive function, working memory, and verbal learning and memory) under three (quiet, urban, and social) noise conditions. IQ, subjective noise sensitivity, sleep, personality, paranoia, depression, anxiety, stress, and schizotypy were assessed on a single occasion. We found significantly slower psychomotor speed (urban), reduced working memory and episodic memory (urban and social), and more cautious decision-making (executive function, urban) under noise conditions. There was no effect of sex. Variance in urban noise-induced changes in psychomotor speed, attention, Trail Making B-A (executive function), and immediate recall and social noise-induced changes in verbal fluency (executive function) and immediate recall were explained by a combination of baseline cognition and paranoia, noise sensitivity, sleep, or cognitive disorganization. Higher baseline cognition (but not IQ) predicted greater impairment under urban and social noise for most cognitive variables. Paranoia predicted psychomotor speed, attention, and executive function impairment. Subjective noise sensitivity predicted executive function and memory impairment. Poor sleep quality predicted less memory impairment. Finally, lower levels of cognitive disorganization predicted slower psychomotor speed and greater memory impairment. The identified moderators should be considered in studies aiming to reduce the detrimental effects of occupational and residential noise. These results highlight the importance of studying noise effects in clinical populations characterized by high levels of the paranoia, sleep disturbances, noise sensitivity, and cognitive disorganization.
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