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Figure 6: Final structural equation model estimating railway noise annoyance including indirect and reciprocal effects. The values represent standardized path estimates. All parameter estimates are signifi cant (P < 0.01). Item labels of the indicator variables refer to the items of the questionnaire summarized in Table 1. (○) Latent variable, (□) observed variable

Figure 6: Final structural equation model estimating railway noise annoyance including indirect and reciprocal effects. The values represent standardized path estimates. All parameter estimates are signifi cant (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Item labels of the indicator variables refer to the items of the questionnaire summarized in Table 1. (○) Latent variable, (□) observed variable